Urban Dynamics: Data and Images
FGDC-Compliant Metadata for URB1992
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Originator: University of Maryland Baltimore County
Publication_Date: 1996
Publication_Time:
Title: Baltimore-Washington Spatial Dynamics and Human Impacts Database
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Baltimore, MD
Publisher: University of Maryland Baltimore County
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Description:
Abstract:
The Baltimore-Washington Spatial Dynamics and Human Impacts data set is
an integrated and flexible temporal urban land characteristics database
for the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. The compilation of this
data is a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the
University of Maryland Baltimore County. The database provides a visual
and historical perspective of the urban growth experienced in the area
between 1792 and 1992. The multi-theme temporal database includes urban
development, principle transportation, hydrography, census and
legal/statistical boundaries. Temporal urban mapping reconstructs past
landscapes by incorporating historic maps, census statistics, and commerce
records to generate a progressive geo-referenced picture of the past
changes in a region. Contemporary mapping focuses on the use of remotely
sensed data, existing digital land use data, digital census information,
and a variety of earth science infrastructure data, such as Digital Line
Graphs, Digital Elevation Models, and key ancillary demographic
information. The resulting database of temporal urban demographic changes
provides an ideal source of test data and information for both urban
geographers and global change research scientists.
Purpose:
This data was developed to llustrate the spatial patterns and interactions
among the physiographic and socio-economic variables contributing to urban
growth. The Baltimore-Washington temporal database documents the spatial
patterns, and rates of change occuring in urban areas. Historical
overviews of urban development provide insights into the future. A
temporal database of urban land transformation will be of much use to
urban and regional planners, policy and decision makers, earth scientists,
and global change researchers for measuring trends in urban sprawl,
analyzing patterns of water pollution and sedimentation, understanding
the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing predictive
modeling techniques to better forecast future areas of urban growth.
Supplemental_Information:
The urban development data set consists of polygons representing the
extent of built-up areas for the specified time frame. Urban
development is broadly defined as areas of intensive use, with much of
the land covered by structures and/or paved surfaces. The limits of the
built-up area are defined by the existence of a systematic street
pattern, and the relative concentration of buildings and associated
intensive use areas. The generalized urban boundary may contain any
undeveloped land that is completely surrounded by developed areas. The
urban area includes parks, golf courses, and any other area whose
natural vegetation has been significantly altered.
The classification scheme adopted for this study is a modification of
the land use and land cover classification system described by Anderson
and others in USGS Professional Paper 964 (1976). The classification
definitions were modified slightly to accommodate limitations in the
source materials and to better categorize land use intensity.
Time_Period_of_content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1992
Ending_Date: Unknown
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.8330
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.4165
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.5062
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.0777
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: Urban
Theme_Keyword: Urban Development
Theme_Keyword: Temporal
Theme_Keyword: Historical
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Baltimore, Maryland
Place_Keyword: Washington, D.C.
Place_Keyword: Chesapeake Bay
Place_Keyword: Baltimore-Washington
Place_Keyword: Regional
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Restrictions:
None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey and the University
of Maryland Baltimore County would be appreciated in products derived
from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact Person: William Acevedo
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Ames Research Center MS 242-4
City: Moffett Field
State_or_Province: California
Postal_Code: 94035
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 415-604-5299
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 415-604-4680
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wacevedo@gaia.arc.nasa.gov
Data Set Credit:
(recognition of those who contributed)
Security Information:
Security_Classification_System:
Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Security_Handling_Description:
Native_Data_Set_Environment: UNIX operating system
Cross_Reference:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 19960201
Publication_Time:
Title: Temporal Urban Mapping in the San Francisco Bay Region
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GIS Database
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Moffett Field, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The accuracy of this data is dependent upon the level of detail of the
source material and the interpretation of that source. The primary
limiting factor for the level of detail of the source is the scale of
the source materials. The map scale or remotely sensed image resolution
determines the level of content that may be extracted from a given
source during digitization.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
(an explanation of the fidelity of the relationships in the data
set and the tests used)
Completeness_Report:
(information about omissions, selection criteria, generalization,
definitions used, and other rules used to derive the data set)
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The horizontal accuracy of this data is expressed as an estimated root
mean square error (RMSE). The estimate of the RMSE is based upon
horizontal accuracy tests of the digitized source materials. The
testing of horizontal accuracy of the source materials is accomplished
by comparing the planimetric (X and Y) coordinates of well-defined
ground points with the coordinates of the same points as determined
from a source of higher accuracy.
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value:
30 meters [estimated]
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:
(the identification of the test that yielded the Horizontal
Accuracy Value)
Lineage
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 19910916
Publication_Time:
Title: 1991 Landsat Thematic Mapper scene
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Source_Scale_Denominator:
Type_of_Source_Media: magnetic tape
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19910916
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TM1
Source_Contribution: spectral classification
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 19921020
Publication_Time:
Title: 1992 Landsat Thematic Mapper scene
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Soiux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Source_Scale_Denominator:
Type_of_Source_Media: magnetic tape
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19921020
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TM2
Source_Contribution: spectral classification
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 1970s, 1980s
Publication_Time:
Title: Digital Line Graphs, Transportation, Roads
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ftp file
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Source_Scale_Denominator: 100,000
Type_of_Source_Media: ftp file
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date:
Source_Currentness_Reference: survey date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DLG1
Source_Contribution: digital road network
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 19740000
Publication_Time:
Title: Land use and land cover GIRAS data
Edition:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GIS data
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Online_Linkage:
Larger_Work_Citation:
Source_Scale_Denominator: 250,000
Type_of_Source_Media: ftp file
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date:
Source_Currentness_Reference: photography
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GIRAS1
Source_Contribution: land use and land cover polygons
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
These process steps describe, in general, the procedures used to compile
the 1992 urban development dataset. The production procedures, hardware,
and software used in the collection of urban extent vary depending on the
available source materials. The 1992 data was generated by various image
processing procedures that combined the spectral information from Landsat
data with the dense systematic street pattern derived from the DLG road
network, and with the GIRAS land use and land cover data.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
Process_Date:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Register 1991 Landsat Thematic Mapper scene to a 30-meter UTM
baseline grid. Perform an image to map registration. Locate
image and map control point pairs. Compute a 2nd-order transformation
matrix. Compute RMS errors and edit control points if necessary.
Resample the TM data to the 30-meter UTM grid using a nearest neighbor
resampling.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM1
Process_Date:
19950601
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Register 1992 Landsat Thematic Mapper scene to the 30-meter UTM
baseline grid. Perform an image to image registration. Locate
primary and secondary image control point pairs. Compute a 2nd-order
transformation matrix. Compute RMS errors and edit control points if
necessary. Resample the TM data to the rectified image base using
a nearest neighbor resampling.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM2
Process_Date:
19950601
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Generate a multispectral classification of the registered 1991 TM
data. Compute unsupervised training statistics using a euclidean
distance clustering algorithm. Request 30 categories. Use the
resulting statistics file to classify the TM data using a maximum
likelihood classifier. Label as built-up areas all categories
whose spectral signature is commonly interpreted as concrete,
asphalt, buildings, roads, residential neighborhoods, and commercial
buildings.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM1
Process_Date:
19950701
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Generate a multispectral classification of the registered 1992 TM
data. Compute unsupervised training statistics using a euclidean
distance clustering algorithm. Request 30 categories. Use the
resulting statistics file to classify the TM data using a maximum
likelihood classifier. Label as built-up areas all categories
whose spectral signature is commonly interpreted as concrete,
asphalt, buildings, roads, residential neighborhoods, and commercial
buildings.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM2
Process_Date:
19950701
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a binary composite of the 1991 and 1973 classifications to reduce
misclassified pixels. Label new categories in refined classification.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM1, TM2
Process_Date:
19950801
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Generate a raster image of the road network and create a proximity buffer
around all roads. Remove the proximity buffer where the road density
was not sufficient to merge adjacent road boundaries. Label remaining
areas as developed land.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
DLG1
Process_Date:
19950801
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a raster image of the USGS land use and land cover data for
the study area. Import GIRAS data files into GIS. Append files
covering study area together. Convert vector polygon data into raster
image.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
GIRAS1
Process_Date:
19950801
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a map of urban extent by combining the 1991 and 1992 Landsat
classification, the GIRAS LULC delineation, and the DLG derived
urban extent data. Combine data using binary addition. Interpret the
results and assign values to the appropriate class.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TM1, TM2, DLG1, GIRAS1
Process_Date:
19950801
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 345
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 518
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 346
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar
Grid Coordinate System
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator
UTM_Zone_Number: 18
Transverse_Mercator
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 96.0W for conterminous U.S.
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.0N for conterminous U.S.
False_Easting: 0.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation
Absissa_Resolution: 50.80
Ordinate_Resolution: 50.80
Planar_Distance_Units: METERS
Geodetic_Model
Horizontal_Datum_Name:
Ellipsoid_Name: CLARKE1866
Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
Entity_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Number_of_Attributes_in_Entity: 6
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_label: URB1992.PAT
Entity_Type_Definition: Attributes assigned to urban development polygons
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: LULC classification scheme
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: -
Attribute_Definition: Attributes assigned to urban development polygons
Attribute_Definition_Source: LULC classification scheme
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: AREA
Attribute_Definition: Area of poly/region in square coverage units
Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive real numbers
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of poly/region in coverage units
Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive real numbers
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: URB1992#
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sequential unique positive integer
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: URB1992-ID
Attribute_Definition: User-assigned feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Integer
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LULC
Attribute_Definition: Land use land cover categories
Attribute_Definition_Source: Anderson LULC classification scheme
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11-17
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: As needed
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Urban or Built-up data is composed of polygons that represent the
extent of urban development for the specified year. Each polygon
entity is assigned a land use and land cover code from the
classification system being used. Valid codes contains a 6-character
integer value between 11 and 17. An optional 80 character item is
provided for documenting any miscellaneous notes specific to that
polygon.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Not Available
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact Person: Timothy Foresman
Contact_Organization: University of Maryland Baltimore County
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: foresman@umbc.edu
Distribution_Liability: (Tim needs to write)
Standard_Ordering_Process:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact Person: Timothy Foresman
Contact_Organization: University of Maryland Baltimore County
Contact_Position:
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 5401 Wilkens Avenue
City: Baltimore
State_or_Province: Maryland
Postal_Code: 21228-5398
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 410-455-3149
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 410-455-1056
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: foresman@umbc.edu
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19951219
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact Person: Timothy Foresman
Contact_Organization: University of Maryland Baltimore County
Contact_Position:
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 5401 Wilkens Avenue
City: Baltimore
State_or_Province: Maryland
Postal_Code: 21228-5398
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 410-455-3149
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 410-455-1056
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: foresman@umbc.edu
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608
Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
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